Harriet Tubman (born Araminta Ross; c. 1822
– March 10, 1913) was an African-American abolitionist, humanitarian, and
Union spy during the American Civil War. After escaping from slavery, into
which she was born, she made thirteen missions to rescue over seventy slaves
using the network of antislavery activists and safe houses known as the
Underground Railroad. She later helped John Brown recruit men for his raid
on Harpers Ferry, and in the post-war era struggled for women's suffrage.